There is a widespread belief among politicians and members of the public that school leaders make a critical difference to the quality of schools and the education of young people. This synthesis confirms that school leaders can indeed make a difference to student achievement and well-being. It identifies, explains, and illustrates some of the specific ways in which they can do this. Its findings can be used by readers in their own contexts to support and develop the qualities of leadership that will enhance student success.


This work is part of the Ministry of Education’s Iterative Best Evidence Synthesis (BES) Programme, a programme that seeks a greater understanding of the relationships that exist between selected aspects of the education system and a range of student outcomes.


In this synthesis, the focus is on the complex relationship between educational leadership and student outcomes and on uncovering the particular leadership dimensions that are crucial for improving student outcomes in both English- and Māori-medium schools.